This masterclass will examine numerous discoveries of ancient inscriptions, including the Phoenician sarcophagus, Mesha Stele, Siloam Inscription, Tel Dan Stele, and various ostraca and tablets, that illuminate the development of the Hebrew alphabet and language, revealing connections between Phoenician, Moabite, Ammonite, and Aramaic scripts, as well as the use of Paleo-Hebrew even during the Babylonian captivity.